in DCi news

Posts in Papers

Cryptanalysis of Curl-P and Other Attacks on the IOTA Cryptocurrency

By Ethan Heilman (Boston Uni), Neha Narula (MIT Media Lab), Garrett Tanzer (Harvard), James Lovejoy (MIT Media Lab), Michael Colavita (Harvard), Madars Virza (MIT Media Lab), and Tadge Dryja (MIT Media Lab)

We present attacks on the cryptography formerly used in the IOTA blockchain, including under certain conditions the ability to forge signatures. We developed practical attacks on IOTA’s cryptographic hash function Curl-P-27, allowing us to quickly generate short colliding messages. These collisions work even for messages of the same length. Exploiting these weaknesses in Curl-P-27, we broke the EU-CMA security of the former IOTA Signature Scheme (ISS). Finally, we show that in a chosen-message setting we could forge signatures and multi-signatures of valid spending transactions (called bundles in IOTA).

Featured, PapersNeha NarulaMarch 31, 2019Neha Narula, Tadge Dryja, Madars Virza, James Lovejoy, IOTA, CSI, Security

Blockchain and the Value of Operational Transparency for Supply Chain Finance

by Jiri Chod (BU), Nikolaos Trikakis (MIT), Gerry Tsoukalas (Upenn Wharton), Henry Aspegren (MIT), and Mark Weber (MIT). Nominated for an award in the Journal of Management Science. Sept 15th, 2018

In this paper, we develop a new theory that shows signaling a firm's fundamental quality (e.g., its operational capabilities) to lenders through inventory transactions to be more efficient --- it leads to less costly operational distortions --- than signaling through loan requests, and we characterize how the efficiency gains depend on firm operational characteristics such as operating costs, market size, inventory salvage value and failure probability.

PapersAshley JacobsonMarch 21, 2019b_verify, Supply Chain Finance, Blockchain

How to Subvert Backdoored Encryption: Security Against Adversaries that Decrypt.

By Thibaut Horel, Sunoo Park, Silas Richelson, and Vinod Vaikuntanathan. Published in the Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science conference (ITCS 2019).

PapersAshley JacobsonMarch 20, 2019cryptographic protocols, Sunoo, Cryptography and Policy

Compelled Decryption and the Fifth Amendment: Exploring the Technical Boundaries

By Aloni Cohen and Sunoo Park. Published in the Harvard Journal of Law and Technology (JOLT), Fall 2018 issue.

PapersAshley JacobsonMarch 20, 2019Sunoo, encryption, passwords, Cryptography and Policy

Practical Accountability of Secret Processes

By Jonathan Frankle, Sunoo Park, Daniel Shaar, Shafi Goldwasser, and Daniel J. Weitzner. Published in the 27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 2018).

PapersAshley JacobsonMarch 20, 2019Sunoo, Audit, Cryptography and Policy

SpaceMint: A Cryptocurrency Based on Proofs of Space

By Sunoo Park, Albert Kwon, Georg Fuchsbauer, Peter Gaži, Joël Alwen, and Krzysztof Pietrzak. Published in the 22nd International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (Financial Crypto 2018)

PapersAshley JacobsonMarch 20, 2019Sunoo, proof of space, Cryptography and Policy

Utreexo: A dynamic accumulator for Bitcoin state - A description of research by Thaddeus Dryja

One of the earliest-seen and most persistent problems with Bitcoin has been scalability. Bitcoin takes the idea of "be your own bank" quite literally, with every computer on the bitcoin network storing every account of every user who owns money in the system. In Bitcoin, this is stored as a collection of "Unspent transaction outputs", or "utxo"s, which are somewhat unintuitive, but provide privacy and efficiency benefits over the alternative "account" based model used in traditional finance.

Featured, Papers, ResearchAshley JacobsonNovember 28, 2018Accumulator, Utreexo, Tadge Dryja

Static-Memory-Hard Functions, and Modeling the Cost of Space vs. Time

By Thaddeus Dryja, Quanquan C. Liu and Sunoo Park

Static-Memory-Hard Functions, and Modeling the Cost of Space vs. Time was presented at the Cryptography Conference 2019, which is organized by the International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR).

Papers, Featured, ResearchAshley JacobsonNovember 26, 2018Static-Memory-Hard Functions, Sunoo, Cryptography and Policy, Tadge Dryja

Cellular structure for a digital fiat currency

This paper by DCI Reserach Scientist Robleh Ali sets out a structure for a digital fiat currency system. The primary benefit of the cellular structure is that it lowers barriers to entry for payments by using trustless intermediation between cells in the system. The larger purpose of this structure is to create an open foundation for a decentralized financial system in which competition can thrive but which cannot be captured by private interests.

Papers, ResearchGuest UserJuly 26, 2018digital fiat currency, Robleh Ali

Initial Coin Offerings and the Value of Crypto Tokens

This paper by Christian Catalini and Joshua Gans explores how entrepreneurs can use initial coin offerings — whereby they issue crypto tokens and commit to accept only those tokens as payment for future use of a digital platform — to fund venture start-up costs.

Papers, ResearchGuest UserMarch 9, 2018MIT SloanInitial Coin Offerings, ICO, cryptoeconomics, valuing cryptoassetsComment

zkLedger: Privacy-Preserving Auditing on Distributed Ledgers

Auditing and financial oversight are critical to proving institutions are complying with regulation. This paper presents zkLedger, the first system to protect ledger participants’ privacy and provide fast, provably correct auditing.

Papers, ResearchGuest UserMarch 8, 2018zero knowledge proofs, Madars Virza, Neha Narula

Discreet Log Contracts

Smart contracts are an often touted feature of cryptographic currency systems such as Bitcoin, but they have yet to see widespread financial use. In this paper, Tadge Dryja presents a solution he calls Discrete Log Contracts.

Papers, ResearchGuest UserFebruary 15, 2018smart contracts, Tadge Dryja

Christian Catalini on the business of blockchain and cryptoeconomics

Christian Catalini is one of the world's leading academics on the business and economics of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. Here are a few of his publications.

Papers, ResearchGuest UserJanuary 30, 2018cryptoeconomics, business impact of blockchain technology, Christian Catalini

Back to the Future: the Decentralized Web

The Web has steadily evolved into an ecosystem of large, corporate-controlled mega-platforms which intermediate speech online. In this report we explore two important ways structurally decentralized systems could help address this.

PapersGuest UserSeptember 5, 2017decentralized web, Neha Narula

Blockchain: Digitally Rebuilding the Real Estate Industry

There are tremendous potential applications for blockchain technology, an innovative distributed ledger database system, within the real estate industry. This paper explores the recording of property titles.

PapersGuest UserSeptember 5, 2017land title, real estate

Catena: Efficient Non-equivocation via Bitcoin

Catena enables applications to start their own "micro-blockchain" within a blockchain like Bitcoin. A paper by Alin Tomescu and Srini Devadas, MIT CSAIL

PapersGuest UserSeptember 4, 2017catena

The Application of Digital Identity in the United States

In this draft paper by graduate researchers Keith Duffy, Pasha Goudovitch, and Pavel Fedorov, the authors explore the potential for blockchain technology to improve digital identity in the United States.

PapersGuest UserMay 10, 2016digital identity

MedRec: A Case Study for Blockchain in Healthcare

In this paper, we propose MedRec: a novel, decentralized record management system to handle EHRs, using blockchain technology.

PapersGuest UserApril 11, 2016medical records, MedRec, Ariel Ekblaw